HIV-Related Lung Disorders: What You Need to Know

If you're living with HIV or caring for someone who is, lung problems can be a big concern. People with HIV are more likely to face lung infections and diseases than those without it. These issues happen because HIV weakens the immune system, making it easier for nasty bugs to cause infections. So, spotting lung trouble early is key.

Common Lung Problems in People with HIV

One of the most frequent lung issues is pneumonia, especially Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). This is a fungal infection that mostly attacks people with low immunity. If you notice symptoms like cough, fever, or trouble breathing, it’s important to get checked quickly. Other lung conditions include bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sometimes, you might also see lung cancer or a condition called lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP).

Besides infections, HIV can cause inflammation or scarring in the lungs that affects how well you breathe. These long-term changes can make daily activities tiring and impact your quality of life.

Managing and Preventing Lung Issues

Good news: you can lower your risk of lung problems with the right care. Taking HIV medicines (antiretroviral therapy) regularly keeps your immune system strong, cutting down chances of infections. Avoid smoking and stay away from places with bad air quality, since cigarette smoke and pollution make lung damage worse.

Besides medicine, vaccines like the flu and pneumococcal shots help prevent certain lung infections. Regular check-ups help catch problems early before they get serious. If you start feeling symptoms such as a cough that won’t quit, chest pain, or shortness of breath, don’t wait. Get medical help promptly.

Living with HIV means keeping an eye on your overall health, and your lungs deserve special attention. With the right steps, you can breathe easier and feel better day-to-day.